\uc11d\uba74\uc774 \uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucc98\uc74c \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ub41c\uac83\uc740 1973\ub144\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc120\uace0\ub41c Borel v. Fibreboard Paper Products Corp.(493 F. 2d 1076, 1973)\uc0ac\uac74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c 1\uc2ec \ubc30\uc2ec\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc774 6\uac1c \uc11d\uba74\uc81c\uc870\ud68c\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec 33\ub144\uac04 \ub2e8\uc5f4\ubcf4\uc628\uc7ac \uc2dc\uacf5\uc791\uc5c5\uc790\uc600\ub358 \uc6d0\uace0 \ubcf4\ub810(Borel)\uc5d0\uac8c $58,534.00\uc758 \ubc30\uc0c1\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\ub77c\uace0\ud55c \uc81c 1\uc2ec \ud310\uacb0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud53c\uace0\ub4e4 \ud56d\uc18c\uac00 \uae30\uac01\ub418\uba74\uc11c\ubd80\ud130\uc600\ub2e4.
\uc6d0\ub798 \uc6d0\uace0 Borel\uc740 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ud68c\uc0ac\uac00 \uc81c\uc870\ud55c \uc11d\uba74\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \uc791\uc5c5\ud588\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 10\uac1c \uc11d\uba74\uc81c\uc870\ud68c\uc0ac\ub97c \uc0c1\ub300\ub85c \uc18c\uc1a1\uc744 \uc81c\uae30\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370 \uc774\uc911 4\uac1c\uc0ac\ub294 \ubc30\uc2ec\uc6d0\ud3c9\uacb0\uc804 \uc6d0\uace0 Borel\uacfc $20,902.20\uc5d0 \ud654\ud574\ud588\uc5c8\ub2e4.
\uc774 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc11d\uba74\uc81c\uc870\uc5c5\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc11d\uba74\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\uc131\uc744 \uacbd\uace0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uac83\uc774 \uacbd\uace0\uacb0\ud568\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uace0, \uc11d\uba74\uc81c\uc870\uc5c5\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc804\ubb38\uac00\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc81c\ud488\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc2dc\ud5d8\uacfc \uc5f0\uad6c\ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \ud574\uc57c \ud560 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\uc2dc\ud55c \uac83\uc5d0 \uadf8 \uc758\uc758\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4.
\uc6d0\uace0 \ubcf4\ub810\uc740 1936\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \ub2e8\uc5f4\ubcf4\uc628\uc7ac \uc2dc\uacf5\uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \ud574\uc654\ub294\ub370 1960\ub144\ub300 \ucd08\ubc18\uae4c\uc9c0\ub294 \uac00\uc2b4\uc774 \uac11\uac11\ud55c \uc99d\uc138\uc678\uc5d0\ub294 \ube44\uad50\uc801 \uac74\uac15\ud588\ub294\ub370 1964\ub144\uc5d0 \uc5d1\uc2a4\ub808\uc774 \uac80\uc0ac\uacb0\uacfc \ud3d0\uc5d0 \uad6c\ub984\uc774 \ub080\uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \ud750\ub9ac\uac8c \ub098\uc640 1969\ub144 1\uc6d4\uc5d0 \ud3d0\uc870\uc9c1\uac80\uc0ac\ub97c \uc2e4\uc2dc\ud588\ub294\ub370 \uc11d\uba74\uce68\ucc29\uce35(Asbestosis)\uc784\uc774 \ubc1d\ud600\uc84c\ub2e4.
\uc774\ub54c\ubd80\ud130 \uc6d0\uace0 \ubcf4\ub810\uc758 \uac74\uac15\uc740 \uc810\ucc28 \uc545\ud654\ub418\uc5b4 1970\ub144 2\uc6d4\uc5d0 \uc624\ub978\ucabd \ud3d0\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0b4\ub294 \uc218\uc220\uc744 \ud588\uace0 \uc774\ub54c \uc911\ud53c\uc885(mesothelioma)\uc784\uc774 \ubc1d\ud600\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc6d0\uace0 \ubcf4\ub810\uc740 1969\ub144 10\uc6d4\uc5d0 \uc18c\uc1a1\uc744 \uc81c\uae30\ud588\ub294\ub370 \uc774\ubbf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc774 \uc120\uace0\ub418\uae30 \uc804 \uc7ac\ud310\uc911\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ucc98\ub7fc \uc11d\uba74\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc740 20\ub144 \ub0b4\uc9c0 40\ub144\uc758 \uc7a0\ubcf5\uae30\ub97c \uac70\uccd0 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc18c\uba78\uc2dc\ud6a8\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \ubb38\uc81c\ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc0dd\uae30\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4.
\ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc8fc\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \uc6d0\uc778\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \uac83\uc744 \uc54c\uac70\ub098 \ub610\ub294 \uc54c\uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \ub0a0\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uba87\ub144\uc548\uc5d0 \uc18c\uc1a1\uc744 \uc81c\uae30\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub77c\uace0 \uaddc\uc815\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub9ce\uc740 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc18c\uba78\uc2dc\ud6a8\uae30\uac04\uc744 \uc9c0\ud0a4\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uace0 \ub118\uae30\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.
\ud2b9\ud788, \uc11d\uba74\uc758 \uc704\ud574\uc131\uc774 \ub110\ub9ac \ubcf4\ub3c4\ub418\uba74\uc11c \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc11d\uba74\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \ubc1c\ubcd1\uc784\uc744 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc18c\uba78\uc2dc\ud6a8 \ud56d\ubcc0\uc744 \uc81c\uae30\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc774\uac83\uc774 \ub9ce\uc774 \ubc1b\uc544 \ub4e4\uc5ec\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc11d\uba74\ud53c\ud574\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc911\uc99d\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c4\ud589\ud558\uae30 \uc804\uc774\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc18c\uc1a1\uc744 \uc81c\uae30\ud560 \uc218 \ubc16\uc5d0 \uc5c6\uace0, \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \uba87\uba87 \uc8fc\ub4e4\uc774 \ud2b9\ubcc4 \uc785\ubc95\uc744 \ud558\uc5ec \uc18c\uba78\uc2dc\ud6a8\uae30\uac04\uc744 \uc5f0\uc7a5\ud558\uc5ec \uc8fc\ub294 \ud2b9\ubcc4\uc870\uce58\ub3c4 \ucde8\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.
\uc11d\uba74\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \ub450\ubc88\uc9f8\ub85c \ub110\ub9ac \uc54c\ub824\uc9c4 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 1982\ub144\uc5d0 \uc120\uace0\ub41c Beshada v. Johns-Manville Prods.(447 A.2d 539, 1982)\uc0ac\uac74\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74\uc740 \uacfc\uc2e4\ucc45\uc784\uc774\ub860\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uc5c4\uaca9\ucc45\uc784(Strict Liability) \uc774\ub860\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud53c\uace0 \uc81c\uc870\ud68c\uc0ac\uac00 \ube44\ub85d \uc11d\uba74\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\uc131\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc54c \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560\uc9c0\ub77c\ub3c4 \uadf8\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uacbd\uace0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uac83\uc744 \uacbd\uace0\uacb0\ud568\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\uc2dc\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc774\ub978\ubc14 \uacfc\ud559\u00b7\uae30\uc220\uc218\uc900\ud56d\ubcc0(state-of-the-art defense)\uc744 \ubc30\ucc99\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.
\uc774 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \ubc1c\uacac\ud560\uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub358 \uc704\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uacbd\uace0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uac83\uc744 \uacbd\uace0\uacb0\ud568\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ub108\ubb34 \uc9c0\ub098\uce5c \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub0d0\ud558\ub294 \ube44\ub09c\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uadf8 \ud6c4\uc5d0 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc18c\uc1a1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc11d\uba74\uc81c\uc870\ud68c\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \uc11d\uba74\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\uc131\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc774\ub97c \uc774\ubbf8 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0 \ub098\uc544\uac00 \uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc704\ud5d8\uc774 \uc54c\ub824\uc9c0\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub9c9\uae30\uc704\ud55c \uc870\uce58\ub4e4\uc744 \ucde8\ud588\ub358 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub098\uba74\uc11c \uadf8\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ube44\ud310\uc774 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1 \uc218\uadf8\ub7ec\ub4e4\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \ub2e4\ub9cc \uadf8\ud6c4 \uc758\uc57d\ud488\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 Beshada\ud310\uacb0\uc774 \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \uc608\uc678\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub294 \ud310\uacb0\uc774 \ub0b4\ub824\uc84c\ub2e4(Feldman v. Lederle Laboratories, 479 A.2d 374, 1984) \uc774\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \uc720\uc758\ud560 \uc0ac\ud56d\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub098\ub77c \uc81c\uc870\ubb3c\ucc45\uc784\ubc95 \uc81c4\uc870 2\ud56d\uc740 \uc81c\uc870\ubb3c\uacc4\uc18d\uac10\uc2dc\uc758\ubb34\ub97c \uaddc\uc815\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 \uc81c\uc870\uc5c5\uc790\uac00 \uc81c\uc870\ubb3c\uc744 \ud310\ub9e4\ud55c \uc774\ud6c4\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uacc4\uc18d\ud558\uc5ec \uc81c\uc870\ubb3c\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uc704\ud5d8\uc774 \ubc1c\uacac\ub41c \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \uc774\uc5d0 \uc0c1\uc751\ud558\ub294 \uc124\uacc4\ubcc0\uacbd, \ucd94\uac00\uacbd\uace0, \ub9ac\ucf5c \ub610\ub294 \ud310\ub9e4\uc911\ub2e8\uc758 \uc870\uce58\ub97c \ucde8\ud574\uc57c\ud560 \uc758\ubb34\ub97c \uaddc\uc815\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.
\ub530\ub77c\uc11c, \uc81c\uc870\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc81c\uc870\ubb3c\ud310\ub9e4\ud6c4\uc5d0 \uc81c\ud488\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\uc774\ub098 \ubd80\uc791\uc6a9\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub098\ubab0\ub77c\ub77c \ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba70 \uacc4\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c\ud488\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc5f0\uad6c\ubd84\uc11d\ud558\uace0 \ubc1c\uacac\ub41c \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uac10\uc18c\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uc801\uc808\ud55c \uc870\uce58\ub97c \ucde8\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud560 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc720\uc758\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.
\uc11d\uba74\uc18c\uc1a1\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ud574\uc11c \uc138 \ubc88\uc9f8\ub85c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc5bc\ub9c8\uc804\uc5d0 \uc120\uace0\ub41c Norfolk & Western Railway Co. v. Ayers \ud310\uacb0\uc778\ub370, \uc774 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc11d\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud558\uc5ec \uc11d\uba74\uce68\ucc29\uc99d(Asbestosis)\uc744 \uc553\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ud68c\uc0ac \uc9c1\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc774 \ud5a5\ud6c4 \ud3d0\uc554\uc774 \ubc1c\ubcd1\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc704\ud5d8\uc131\uc774 \uc99d\uac00\ub41c \uac83\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \uace0\ud1b5\ubc1b\ub294 \uc815\uc2e0\uc801 \ud53c\ud574\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.
\uc774 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \ud604\uc7ac \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ud3d0\uc554\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \ud3d0\uc554\ubc1c\uc0dd \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \ub192\uc544\uc84c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc5d0 \uadfc\uac70\ud574\uc11c \uc815\uc2e0\uc801 \uace0\ud1b5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ud68d\uae30\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud53c\uace0\uce21\uc5d0\uc11c \ubbf8 \uc5f0\ubc29 \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uc0c1\uace0\ud558\uc5ec \ubbf8 \uc5f0\ubc29\ub300\ubc95\uc6d0\uc774 \uc774\uc810\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \ucd5c\uc885\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud310\uacb0\uc744 \ud560 \uc608\uc815\uc73c\ub85c \uc788\ub294\ub370, \ud604\uc7ac \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec\ub3c4 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \ubc1c\uc0dd\uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \ub192\uc544\uc84c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uadfc\uac70\ub85c \ud574\uc11c \uc815\uc2e0\uc801 \ud53c\ud574\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1\uccad\uad6c\ub97c \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ucd5c\uc885\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8 \ud30c\uc7a5\uc774 \uc5c4\uccad\ub098\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uadf8 \ucd94\uc774\ub97c \uc608\uc758 \uc8fc\uc2dc\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.
\ub3cc\uc774\ucf1c\ubcf4\uac74\ub300, \uc11d\uba74\uc18c\uc1a1\uc740 \uc5ec\ud0dc\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubbf8\uad6d \uc18c\uc1a1 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc0c1 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \uaddc\ubaa8\uc758 \uc18c\uc1a1\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. 2000\ub144\ub9d0\uae4c\uc9c0 60\ub9cc\uba85\uc774 \uc11d\uba74\uc18c\uc1a1\uc744 \uc81c\uae30\ud588\uc73c\uba70 \ud604\uc7ac\uae4c\uc9c0 \uacc4\uc18d\ud574\uc11c \uc18c\uc1a1\uc81c\uae30\uac74\uc218\uac00 \ub298\uc5b4\ub098\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud53c\uace0\ub85c \uc9c0\ubaa9\ub41c \ud68c\uc0ac\uac00 6000\uac1c\uac00 \ub118\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\uc911 1980\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 16\uac1c, 1990\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 18\uac1c, 2000\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc11c\uc11c\ub294 Owens-Corning Fiberglass, W.R.Grace \ub4f1 22\uac1c\uc758 \ud68c\uc0ac\uac00 \ud30c\uc0b0 \ub610\ub294 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc815\ub9ac\uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uc2e0\uccad\ud588\ub2e4.
\uadfc\ub798\uc5d0\ub294 \uc790\ub3d9\ucc28\ud68c\uc0ac, \uc11d\uc720\ud68c\uc0ac, \ubcf4\uc77c\ub7ec\uc81c\uc870\ud68c\uc0ac, \uc804\uc790\uc81c\ud488\ud68c\uc0ac\ub4f1 \uc11d\uba74\uc744 \ubd80\ud488\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c \ud68c\uc0ac\ub97c \uc0c1\ub300\ub85c \uc18c\uc1a1\uc774 \uc81c\uae30\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c, \uc11d\uba74\uc774 \uacf5\uae30\uc911\uc5d0 \ub0a0\uc544\ub2e4\ub2c8\ub294 \uc791\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c1\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc774 \uadfc\ubb34\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ud55c \ud68c\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec\ub3c4 \uc18c\uc1a1\uc774 \uc81c\uae30\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.
\ud604\uc7ac\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubbf8\ud654 540\uc5b5\ubd88\uc774 \uc11d\uba74\uc18c\uc1a1\uad00\ub828\ube44\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\uae09\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \uad81\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 2650\uc5b5\ubd88\uc774 \uc18c\uc694\ub420 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc608\uc0c1\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.
\uc11d\uba74\uc18c\uc1a1\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud558\uc5ec \ud30c\uc0b0\ud55c \ud68c\uc0ac\uc911 \ub300\ud45c\uc801 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub294 Johns Manville\uc0ac\uc778\ub370 \uc774 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub294 1982\ub144 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc815\ub9ac \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uc2e0\uccad\ud558\uace0 1986\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \uc11d\uba74\ud53c\ud574\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud560 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1\uc2e0\ud0c1\uae30\uae08(Manville Personal Injury Settlement Trust)\uc744 \uc124\ub9bd\ud558\uc5ec \uc11d\uba74\ud53c\ud574\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.
1991\ub144 1\uc6d4\uae4c\uc9c0 Manville Trust\ub294 \ubb34\ub824 17\ub9cc\uac74\uc758 \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1\uccad\uad6c\ub97c \uc811\uc218, \uae30\uae08\uc774 \ubc14\ub2e5\ub098\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4 \ud30c\uc0b0\ubc95\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ubc30\uc0c1\uacc4\ud68d\uc548\uc758 \uc218\uc815\uc744 \uc694\uccad\ud558\uc600\uace0 1995\ub144\uc5d0 \uc6d0\ub798 \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1\uc9c0\uae09\uc561\uc758 10%\ub9cc\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc218\uc815\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098 \ub2e4\uc2dc 2000\ub144\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc11c \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1\uccad\uad6c\uac00 \uae09\uc99d\ud568\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c 2001\ub144 7\uc6d4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1\uc561\uc758 5%\ub9cc \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uaca0\ub2e4\uace0 \uc2e0\ud0c1\uae30\uae08\uad00\ub9ac\ucc45\uc784\uc790\uac00 \uacf5\ud45c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.
\uc11d\uba74\uc18c\uc1a1\uc740 \uc5c4\uccad\ub09c \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1\uccad\uad6c \uac74\uc218\uc640 \uaddc\ubaa8 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc5f0\ubc29\uc9d1\ub2e8\uc18c\uc1a1\uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1\uccad\uad6c\ub97c \uc77c\uac70\uc5d0 \ud574\uacb0\ud558\ub294 Global Settlement\ub97c \ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc548\uc774 \ucd94\uc9c4\ub418\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \ubbf8\uc5f0\ubc29 \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0\uc774 1999\ub144 6\uc6d4\uc5d0 Borel \uc18c\uc1a1\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\uba85\ud55c Fibreboard\uc0ac\uac00 \ucd94\uc9c4\ud55c Global Settlement\uc548\uc744 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\uc2dc\ud558\uba74\uc11c Global Settlement\ub85c \uc77c\uac70\uc5d0 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\ub294\ub370 \uc81c\ub3d9\uc774 \uac78\ub9ac\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.
\uc5f0\ubc29\ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 7:2\uc758 \ud310\uacb0\uc5d0\uc11c Firreboard\uc0ac\uac00 \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1\uccad\uad6c\ub97c \ucda9\uc871\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uc7ac\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \ud68c\uc0ac\uc790\uc0b0\uc744 \ub108\ubb34 \uc801\uac8c \ub0b4 \ub193\uc558\uace0, \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc18c\uc1a1 \ucc38\uc5ec\uc790\ub4e4\uc911\uc5d0 \uc0c1\ud638\uc774\ud574\uac00 \uc0c1\ucda9\ub418\ub294 \uc18c\uaddc\ubaa8 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc740 \uac01\uac01 \ub3c5\uc790\uc801\uc778 \ubcc0\ud638\uc0ac\ub97c \uac00\uc838\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c\uc11c Global Settlement\ub97c \ud30c\uae30\ud558\uc600\ub2e4(Ortiz et al. v. Fibreboard Corp. et al.) \uc774 \ud310\uacb0\uc774\ud6c4 \uc11d\uba74\uc18c\uc1a1\uc774 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc815\ub9ac\uc808\ucc28 \ub610\ub294 \ud30c\uc0b0\uc808\ucc28\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uacb0\ub418\uac70\ub098, \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uac1c\ubcc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucc98\ub9ac\ub418\ub294 \ud615\ud0dc\ub97c \ucde8\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.
\uc11d\uba74\uc18c\uc1a1\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9\uc73c\ub85c \uc5b8\uae09\ud560 \uac83\uc740 2002\ub144 10\uc6d4 \uc77c\ubcf8 \uc694\ucf54\ud558\ub9c8\uc9c0\ubc29\ubc95\uc6d0\uc774 \uc694\ucf54\uc2a4\uce74 \ud574\uad70\uae30\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c \ubbf8\ud574\uad70 \ud568\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc791\uc5c5\ud55c \uc77c\ubcf8\uc778 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 17\uba85\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc57d 20\uc5b5\uc6d0 \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc758 \uc2b9\uc18c\ud310\uacb0\uc744 \ub0b4\ub9b0 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774\ub2e4.
\uc11d\uba74\uc740 \ubbf8\ud574\uad70\ud568\uc815\uc758 \uc2a4\ud300\ud30c\uc774\ud504\uc758 \ub2e8\uc5f4\uc7ac\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub85c \uc778\ud558\uc5ec \uc77c\ubcf8\uc778 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ud3d0\uc554, \uc9c4\ud3d0\uc99d\uc5d0 \uac78\ub838\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \uc77c\ubcf8\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc778\uc815\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc5d0 \uadf8 \uc758\uc758\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub098\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc77c\ubcf8\uc5d0 \uc774\uc5b4 \uc11d\uba74\uc18c\uc1a1\uc774 \uc81c\uae30\ub418\uace0 \ud310\uacb0\uc774 \uc120\uace0\ub420 \ub0a0\uc774 \uba38\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uac83 \uac19\ub2e4.
[\ucd9c\ucc98] \ubc95\ub960\uc2e0\ubb38
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\uc11d\uba74\uc774 \uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucc98\uc74c \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ub41c\uac83\uc740 1973\ub144\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc120\uace0\ub41c Borel v. Fibreboard Paper Products Corp.(493 F. 2d 1076, 1973)\uc0ac\uac74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c 1\uc2ec \ubc30\uc2ec\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc774 6\uac1c \uc11d\uba74\uc81c\uc870\ud68c\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec 33\ub144\uac04 \ub2e8\uc5f4\ubcf4\uc628\uc7ac \uc2dc\uacf5\uc791\uc5c5\uc790\uc600\ub358 \uc6d0\uace0 \ubcf4\ub810(Borel)\uc5d0\uac8c $58,534.00\uc758 \ubc30\uc0c1\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\ub77c\uace0\ud55c \uc81c 1\uc2ec \ud310\uacb0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud53c\uace0\ub4e4 \ud56d\uc18c\uac00 \uae30\uac01\ub418\uba74\uc11c\ubd80\ud130\uc600\ub2e4. \uc6d0\ub798 \uc6d0\uace0 Borel\uc740 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ud68c\uc0ac\uac00 \uc81c\uc870\ud55c \uc11d\uba74\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \uc791\uc5c5\ud588\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 10\uac1c \uc11d\uba74\uc81c\uc870\ud68c\uc0ac\ub97c \uc0c1\ub300\ub85c \uc18c\uc1a1\uc744 \uc81c\uae30\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370 \uc774\uc911 4\uac1c\uc0ac\ub294 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":66,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/greenlaw.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47188"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/greenlaw.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/greenlaw.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/greenlaw.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/66"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/greenlaw.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=47188"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/greenlaw.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47188\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/greenlaw.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=47188"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/greenlaw.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=47188"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/greenlaw.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=47188"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}